HDS - Diesel
HDS Tutorial
Diesel Hydrotreater Simulation
HDS Tutorial
This interactive HDS tutorial provides an overview, fundamental principles, control principles and operating principles for an ultra-low sulfur diesel/gas-oil hydrotreater unit, using voice, video, animation and graphics.
The principles taught for the hydrodesulfurization unit (HDS) are also applicable to other hydrotreating units, such as naphtha, gasoline, aviation gas/kerosene or cat-feed hydrotreaters.
The topics covered are:
Overview
HDS Components
Principles of HDS
Key Process Variables
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Safeguard System
Startup Operation
Shutdown Operation
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Troubleshooting
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Diesel Hydrotreater Simulation
The HDS simulation is a rigorous and high-fidelity mathematical process model that provides a realistic dynamic response for a hydrodesulfurization unit.
Process Overview:
The gas oil or diesel HDS unit primarily removes sulfur, nitrogen and other impurities from diesel-fraction for sale as ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD).
Major Sections:
- Feed Preparation and Preheat Section
- Reactor Section
- Reactor Effluent Cooling and Separation Section
- Amine Absorber
- Recycle Gas Compressor Section
- Make-Up Hydrogen Section
- Product Stripper Section
- Vacuum Drying Section
Major Operations for Trainee Practice:
- Startup and Shutdown Operations
- Normal Operations
- Emergency Shutdown Operations
- Troubleshooting Equipment, Instrument and Control Valve Malfunctions
- Malfunction Recovery Actions
Simulation Features:
- Hydrotreating Reactions:
- Olefin Saturation
Aromatic Saturation
Desulfurization
Denitrogenation
- Effect on Hydrotreating:
- Temperature and Pressure
- H2 Partial Pressure
- H2 to Oil Ratio
- Liquid Hourly Space Velocity (LHSV)
- Feed Sulfur and Nitrogen Content
- Make-Up Hydrogen Composition
- Catalyst Activity Decay
- H2S and NH3 Inhibition Effect on Catalyst Activity
- Interlock/Safeguard System
- Diesel Product Properties such as Sulfur, Nitrogen, ASTM Analysis, Flash Point, Cetane Index and Specific Gravity
