Boiler

Boiler Tutorial

The interactive Boiler tutorial provides an overview, fundamental principles, control principles and operating principles for a forced draft, drum-type steam utility boiler, using voice, video animation and graphics. The topics covered are:

Overview

Introduction
Applications of Boiler
Types of Boiler

Boiler Components

Introduction
Deaerator and Feedwater System
Drum, Water Circulation and Heating System
Superheater and Heat Recovery System
Combustion System
Draft System
Steam Distribution System

Boiler Performance

Introduction
Burner Characteristics
Combustion Air
Damper and Air Registers
Fuel Characteristics

Boiler Control System

Introduction
Three-Element Feedwater Control
Steam Temperature Control
Steam Pressure Control
Fuel Control
Total Calorie Control
Combustion Air Control
Oxygen Control
Cross Limit Control

Boiler Trips and Interlocks

Introduction
Trip Logic
Purge Logic

Basic Operations

Pre-Startup
Startup
Shutdown
Post Shutdown

Normal Operations

Introduction
Effect of Load Change on Pressure
Effect of Load Change on Level

Emergency Operations

Introduction
Low Steam Drum Level
Rupture of Heating Tubes
Flame Out of All Burners

Other Operating Considerations

Introduction
Combustion Conditions
Water Leakage
Soot Deposits
Measurement Errors

Boiler Simulation

The Boiler simulation is a rigorous and high-fidelity mathematical process model that provides a realistic dynamic response for a forced draft drum-type steam utility boiler.

Process Overview:

The drum-type steam utility boiler is widely used in oil refinery and petrochemical plants for steam generation.

The boiler unit consists of the following major systems: feed water system, fuel system, burners, boiler system with 3 steam headers, and draft system.

Major Operations for Trainee Practice:

Startup and Shutdown Operations
Normal Operations
Emergency Shutdown Operations
Troubleshooting Equipment, Instrument and Control Valve Malfunctions
Malfunction Recovery Actions

Simulation Features:

Simulation of Drum Shrink-and-Swell Phenomena
Burner Flame Out and Unstable Flame Conditions
Variable Fuel Characteristics and Heating Values
Detailed Radiation and Convection Section Heat Transfer Simulation
Boiler Master Control with Lead/Lag Controls
Purging Logic
Interlock/Safeguard System
Plant Alert and Monitor

Abnormal Ignition
Black Smoke in Stack
Explosive Situation

Equipment Details
Stoichiometric Combustion Model
Effect of Atomizing Steam
Dynamic Display of Flame Color and Length

Document Actions

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